Marine life in Gozo: Mediterranean Moray Eel

When we think of the Mediterranean Sea surrounding our beautiful island, images of clear blue waters and diverse marine life come to mind. Among these creatures is the Mediterranean moray eel (Muraena helena), a mysterious and often misunderstood predator that thrives in the warm, rocky coastal waters off Gozo.

The Mediterranean moray eel is a nocturnal predator, known for its ambush hunting style. During the day, it hides in rocky crevices and caves. When night falls, it emerges to hunt, using its sharp teeth and quick reflexes to catch prey.

Its slim, snake-like body can reach up to 1.5 meters (about 5 feet) in length, allowing it to manoeuvre effortlessly through tight spaces, making it a formidable predator in its environment.

Unlike many fish, the Mediterranean moray eel lacks pectoral and pelvic fins, giving it a more snake-like appearance. Its smooth, scaleless body is covered in a thick layer of mucus that protects it from injury as it moves through sharp rocks. The eel’s skin is often dark brown with golden or yellowish markings, which provides excellent camouflage against the rocky seabed.

One of the Mediterranean moray eel’s more well known traits is its set of sharp, needle-like teeth. These teeth are not only ideal for grabbing slippery prey, but the eel also has a second set of jaws called pharyngeal jaws, located deeper in its throat. After the front teeth grab the prey, the pharyngeal jaws snap forward to drag the prey further into the throat, ensuring it doesn’t escape.

This unusual adaptation is rare among fish and is one of the reasons why moray eels are such efficient predators. Despite their fierce bite, moray eels are generally not aggressive toward humans unless provoked or threatened.

A Moray shows off his impressive set of teeth.

Throughout history, the Mediterranean moray eel has been both revered and feared by humans. In ancient Roman and Greek civilizations, moray eels were prized delicacies and were often kept in special ponds to be harvested for feasts. The Roman statesman Cicero famously noted that wealthy citizens would keep moray eels as a symbol of luxury and power.

In modern times, however, divers and swimmers in the Mediterranean are often wary of moray eels due to their fearsome appearance and the potential for a painful bite. No need to worry, these beautiful creatures are often avoiding human contact.

The Mediterranean moray eel is a beautiful and intruguing animal. From its stealthy hunting techniques to its powerful bite and role in maintaining marine ecosystems, this eel is much more than a fearsome predator. It is a vital component of the Mediterranean’s rich biodiversity and a creature worth appreciating and respecting.

Next time you're diving or exploring the Mediterranean waters with us, remember to look carefully into the cracks and crevices—you might just encounter one of the sea's most enigmatic predators up close!